Extradition, the lawful process by which a fugitive found outside a country's jurisdiction is surrendered to the country where the crime was committed. It's a critical tool in the modern justice system's fight against border-crossing crimes. This process is generally facilitated through extradition treaties, legal agreements between nations that provide for the surrender of individuals accused or convicted of certain offenses.
While the reasons for not having an extradition treaty with a country may vary widely—from historical disputes and geopolitical considerations to differing legal systems—such nations unwittingly serve as sanctuaries for individuals attempting to evade justice.